{"id":924,"date":"2021-03-11T12:10:08","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T11:10:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nguenkam.com\/blog\/?p=924"},"modified":"2021-03-15T09:30:53","modified_gmt":"2021-03-15T08:30:53","slug":"bash-manage-folder-file","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nguenkam.com\/blog\/index.php\/2021\/03\/11\/bash-manage-folder-file\/","title":{"rendered":"Bash – Manage folder & File"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

I – How to create a repertory in Linux from terminal<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
mkdir -p <folder name><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
mkdir -p<\/code> would not give  an error if the directory already exists and the contents for the directory will not change.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
II – How to create a file <\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Create an empty json file named foo.json:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
touch foo.json\n\n\/\/or\n\ncat > foo.json<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Add data and press CTRL<\/kbd>+D<\/kbd><\/span> to save the foo.json when using cat on Linux<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
How to create a text file using the CAT command.<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
To create a text file named sales.txt, type the following command and then press [Enter]<\/kbd> key:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat > sales.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Now type your lines of text. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Month, Profit\n01\/Apr\/2004, $1500\n01\/May\/2004, $1600\n01\/Jun\/2004, $1450<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
When done and you need to save and exit, press Ctrl<\/kbd>+D<\/kbd> to return to the bash shell prompt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
 To view file use cat<\/strong> or more<\/strong>\/less<\/strong> command<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat sales.txt\n\n\/\/Or\nmore sales.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Creating a file in Linux using the echo or printf<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Let us create a file called quote1.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo \"While I thought that I was learning how to live, I have been learning how to die.\" > quote1.txt\n\n\/\/or \n\nprintf 'Study nature, love nature, stay close to nature. It will never fail you.\\n' > quote2.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ps: You can also redirect the output of a command to a file<\/span>:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$ cat file > copy_file<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
...or append to it<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$ cat file >> copy_file<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Use the the >><\/span><\/kbd> instead of ><\/span><\/kbd> to append data to existing file and to avoid overwriting files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ps: If you need root permission:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
 sudo sh -c 'cat file > copy_file'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
III – How to Remove (Delete) Directory <\/h4>\n\n\n\n
 Be extra careful when removing files or directories from the command line because once the directory is deleted using the commands, it cannot be fully recovered.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
On most Linux filesystems, deleting a directory requires write permission on the directory and its content. Otherwise, you will get \u201cOperation not permitted\u201d error.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Directory names with a space in them must be escaped with a backslash (\/<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Removing Directories with <\/span>rmdir<\/span><\/strong><\/code> #<\/a><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
rmdir dir1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
If the directory is not empty, you will get the following error:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rmdir: failed to remove 'dir1': No such file or directory<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
In this case, you will need to use the rm<\/span><\/code> command or manually remove the directory contents before you can delete it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Removing Directories with <\/span>rm<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/code> #<\/a><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
rm -r dir1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
If a directory or a file within the directory is write-protected, you will be prompted to confirm the deletion. To remove a directory without being prompted, use the -f<\/code> option:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm -rf dir1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
To remove multiple directories at once, invoke the rm<\/code> command, followed by the names of the directories separated by space. The command below will remove each listed directory and their contents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm -r dir1 dir2 dir3<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
To Search in a File<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
To print any line from a file that contains a specific pattern of characters, in our case\u00a0thumb<\/strong><\/code>\u00a0in the file\u00a0syslog<\/strong><\/code>, run the command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep thumb syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Grep will display every line where there is a match for the word\u00a0thumb<\/strong><\/code>. When executing this command, you do not get exact matches. Instead, the terminal prints the lines with words containing the string of characters you entered. Here is an example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
To Search in Multiple Files<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
To search multiple files with the grep command, insert the filenames you want to search, separated with a space character.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In our case, the grep command to match the word\u00a0phoenix<\/strong><\/code>\u00a0in three files\u00a0sample<\/code>,sample2<\/code>, and\u00a0sample3\u00a0<\/strong><\/code>looks like this example:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep phoenix sample sample2 sample3<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Search All Files in Directory<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
To search all files in the current directory, use an asterisk instead of a filename at the end of a grep command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In this example, we use\u00a0nix\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>as a search criterion:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep nix *<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
To Find Whole Words Only<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Grep allows you to find and print the results for whole words only. To search for the word\u00a0phoenix<\/strong>\u00a0in all files in the current directory, append\u00a0\u2013w\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>to the grep command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep -w phoenix *<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
To List Names of Matching Files<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Sometimes, you only need to see the names of the files that contain a word or string of characters and exclude the actual lines. To print only the filenames that match your search, use the\u00a0-l\u00a0<\/strong>operator:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep -l phoenix *<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
The output shows the exact filenames that contain\u00a0phoenix<\/strong><\/code>\u00a0in the current directory but does not print the lines with the corresponding word:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"example<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
ps: \u00a0use the recursive search operator\u00a0-r<\/code><\/strong>\u00a0to include all subdirectories in your search.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I – How to create a repertory in Linux from terminal mkdir -p would not give an error if the directory already exists and the contents for the directory will not change. II – How to create a file  Create an empty json file named foo.json: Add data and press CTRL+D to save the foo.json when using cat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[169],"tags":[172,236,95,237,173,235],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nguenkam.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nguenkam.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nguenkam.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nguenkam.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nguenkam.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=924"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/nguenkam.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":937,"href":"https:\/\/nguenkam.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924\/revisions\/937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nguenkam.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nguenkam.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nguenkam.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}